Kidney cancer can be caused by an array of things, resulting in symptoms such as blood in the urine, pain or pressure in the side or back, swelling of the ankles, fatigue, and more. However, OPDIVO, YERVOY, and CABOMETYX, all listed as treatment medications, can help treat individuals with kidney cancer. To learn more about whether you or your loved one might be at risk of developing kidney cancer, keep reading to find out about some of the most common causes:

1. High blood pressure
Occurring when the blood pressure against the walls of the body’s blood vessels increases, high blood pressure—also known as hypertension—can actually lead to kidney cancer if left uncontrolled. This is due to the extra strain that is placed on the kidney’s blood vessels—contrarily, though, having kidney cancer can lead to high blood pressure. Similarly, uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause strokes and heart attacks.

2. Smoking
Smokers have nearly twice the risk of developing kidney cancer as non-smokers. This is due to the fact that your lungs absorb cancer-causing chemicals found in tobacco smoke into the bloodstream. Since the kidneys filter blood, these chemicals can become concentrated in the kidneys. If you’re a smoker, for the best interest of your health, it is a good idea to work towards quitting the habit.

3. Family history of kidney cancer
While this is a more uncommon cause, kidney cancer can run in families. If a close relative has or has had kidney cancer, it does increase your risk of also contracting kidney cancer. If you’re at an increased risk, your doctor may recommend regular imaging scans and genetic testing.

4. Workplace exposure to chemicals
Exposure to chemicals such as arsenic, some metal degreasers, or cadmium used in mining, welding, farming, and painting can be a cause of kidney cancer. Similar to smoking, since the kidneys are involved in filtering the blood, if anything inhaled gets into the bloodstream, it will likely become concentrated in the kidneys, resulting in cancer. Always wear the right personal protection when dealing with chemicals and toxic substances to keep yourself safe.

5. Being overweight or obese
An individual’s risk for kidney cancer can double due to obesity, and this is because carrying too much body fat increases insulin levels and the insulin growth factor. These insulin hormones are known to help some types of cancer develop, one of which being kidney cancer. Try to lead a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet and getting regular exercise.